Which type of evidence is based on an inference rather than direct observation?

Circumstantial evidence is derived from reasoning or inference rather than direct observation. It involves situations where the evidence may imply a conclusion but does not directly prove it. For example, if someone is seen leaving the scene of a crime, this circumstantial evidence might suggest their involvement, but it does not provide direct proof that they committed the crime. Circumstantial evidence relies on the context and surrounding facts to lead to a conclusion, which is fundamental in many legal cases where direct proof is unattainable.

In contrast, direct evidence would include eyewitness testimony or video footage that directly links a person to a crime. Testimonial evidence refers specifically to statements made under oath, typically in court, while documentary evidence encompasses written or recorded materials. Neither direct nor testimonial evidence is reliant on inference, as both provide straightforward factual information, distinguishing them clearly from circumstantial evidence.