Which term describes the negative behavior toward a person or group based on characteristics such as race or religion?

The correct answer is discrimination. This term specifically refers to negative behavior or unfair treatment directed at individuals or groups based on inherent characteristics, such as race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or other traits. Discrimination can manifest in various forms, including social, economic, and legal inequities, and it undermines the principles of equality and justice that are essential in a fair society.

Understanding discrimination is crucial, especially in the context of corrections and law enforcement, where policies and personal behavior should promote fairness and respect towards all individuals, regardless of their background. This understanding also aligns with the ethical obligations of those in correctional professions, who must ensure that their practices do not perpetuate these negative behaviors.

The other options—assumption, professionalism, and jurisdiction—do not describe this specific type of negative behavior. Assumption refers to a belief or expectation taken for granted without proof; professionalism relates to the conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize a profession; and jurisdiction pertains to the official power to make legal decisions and judgments. Each of these terms represents different concepts and does not pertain to the unfair treatment based on personal characteristics.